Insecticide for ornamental plant / house plant

by krittrayot janchidfar

Insecticide for ornamental plant / house plant

We recommend to change type of insecticides every 2-3 week to prevent a insecticide resistance

IRC Mode of Action (MoA) Classification

Group 1 : Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors Nerve action

  • 1A Carbamate

 Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Carbaryl, Carfuran, Carbosulfan, Fenobucarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, and Thiodicarb.

* Carfuran and Methomyl are surveillance substance due to severe poisoning.

  • 1B Organophosphate

Acephate, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Dimethoate, Ethion, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Moethoate, Phosalone, Pirimiphos-methyl, Profenofos, Prothiofos, Quinalphos, Trichlorfon, and Triazophos.

 

Group 2 : GABA-gated chloride channel blockers Nerve action

  • 2A

Cyclodiene Organochlorines, Chlordane, Endosulfan, and Lindane (Thailand has banned the use of this substance).

  • 2B Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles)

Ethiprole, and Fipronil.

 

Group 3 : Sodium channel modulators Nerve action

  • 3B 

DDT and Methoxychlor (These two substances are now banned in agriculture).

  • 3A

Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, Bifenthrin, Beta-Cyfluthrin, Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Gamma-Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, Alpha-Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, Fenvalerate, Tau-Fluvalerate, Permrthrin, and Tralomethrin.

 

Group 4 : Nicotinic acetycholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators Nerve action

  • 4A Neonicotinoids

Aetamiprid, Clothianidi, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid, and Thiamethoxam.

  • 4B Nicotine and Nicotine from tobacco
  • 4C Sulfoxaflor
  • 4D Butenolides

Flupyradifurone.

 

Group 5 : Nicotonic acetylcholin receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Nerve action

Spinosyns : Spinosad, and Spinetoram.

 

Group 6 : Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators Nerve and muscle action

Avermectins : Abamectin, and Emamectin benzoate.

 

Group 7 : Juvenile hormone mimics Growth regulation

  • 7A Juvenile hoemone analogues

Hydropene, Kinoprene, and Methoprene.

  • 7B Fenoxycarb
  • 7C Pyriproxyfen

* (All three subgroups have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand).

 

Group 8 : Miscellaneous Nonspecific (muti-site) inhibitor (Fumigants)

  • 8A Alkyl halides

Methyl bromide and other alkyl halides. This subgroup used in the fumigation of agricultural products that must have a license.

  • 8B Chloropinic

This subgroup have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

  • 8C Sulfuryl fluoride

This subgroups is in the process of agricultural registration in Thailand.

  • 8D Borax

This subgroup have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

  • 8E Tartar emetic

This subgroup have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

 

Group 9 : Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators Nerve action

It acts on the nervous system and inhibits feeding insects of the Hemiptera order.

  • 9B Pyridine azomethine derivatives 

Pymetrozine and Pyrifluquinazon.

 

Group 10 : Compounds of unknown or nonspecific mode of action (Mite growth inhibitors)  Growth regulation

  • 10A 

Clofentezine : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

Diflovidazin : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

Hexythiazox 

  • 10B Etoxazole

This subgroup have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

 

Group 11 : Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes

Include tangenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce B. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis, subsp. aizawia, subsp. kurstaki, subsp. tenebrionid

 

Group 12 : Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, disruptors of ATP formation (inhibitors of ATP synthase) Energy metabolism

  • 12A Diafenthiuron
  • 12B Organotin miticides

Azocyclotin : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

Cyhexatin : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

Fenbutatin oxide

  • 12C Propagite
  • 12D Tetradifon

 

Group 13 : Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disrubtion of proton gradient Energy metabolism

Chlorfenapyr

DNOC : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

Sulfluramid : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

 

Group 14 : Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers Nerve action

Nereistoxin analogues : Bensiltap and Cartap hydrochloride

 

Group 15 : Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type o, Lepidopteran Growth regulation

Benzoylureas, Cholfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucycloxuron, Fllufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Teflubenzuron, and Triflumuron.

 

Group 16 : Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1, Hemipteran Growth regulation

Buprofezin.

 

Group 17 : Moulting disruptor, Dipteran Growth regulation

Cyromazine.

 

Group 18 : Ecdysone receptor agonists Growth regulation

Diacylhydrazines 

Chromafenozide : This substance is in the process of agricultural registration in Thailand.

Halofenozide : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

Methoxyfenozide

Tebufenozide

 

Group 19 : Octopamine receptor agonists Nerve action

Amitraz.

 

Group 20 : Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Coupling site II) Energy metabolism

  • 20A Hydramethylnon
  • 20B Acequinocyl 

This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

  • 20C Fluacrypyrim

This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

  • 20D Bifenazate

 

Group 21 : Mitochondrial complex I eletron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism

  • 21A METI acaricides

Fenpyroximate, Fenazaquin, Pyridaben, Pyrimidifen, Tebufenpyrad, and Tolfenpyrad.

  • 21B Rotrnone

 

Group 22 : Voltagedependent sodium channel blockers Nerve action

  • 22A Indoxacrab : This substance is in the process of agricultural registration in Thailand.
  • 22B Metaflumizone 

 

Group 23 : Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase Lipid synthesis Growth regulation

Tetronic acid derivatives

Spiromesifen

Spirotetramat

Spirodiclofen : This substance have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

 

Group 24 : Mitochondrail complex IV electron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism

  • 24A Phosphine

Aluminium phosphide, Calcium phosphide, Phosphine, and Zinc phosphide.

  • 24B Cyanide

Calcium cyanide, Potassium cyanide, and Sodium cyanide. This subgroup have not been registered for agricultural purposes in Thailand.

 

Group 25 : Mitochondrail complex II electron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism

  • 25A Beta-ketonitrile derivatives

Cyenopyrafen and Cyflumetofen.

  • 25B

Pyflubumide.

 

Group 26-27 : No information at this time

 

Group 28 : Ryanodine receptor modulators Nerve and muscle action

Diamides

Flubendiamide

Chlorantraniliprole

Cyantraniliprole

 

Group 29 : Chordotonal organ Modulators-undefined target site Nerve action

Flonicamid : Use with brown hops.

 

UN Group : Compounds of unknown or uncertain MoA

Azadirachtin, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Dicofol, Pyridalyl, Sulfur, and Lime sulfur.

 

More explanation

  1. Some insecticides have acaricide properties such as amitraz. In some cases, it can also be nematicides. (Direct nematode eradication chemicals are not included as mentioned above). 

     2. The color bands are related to physiological effects as follows
Blue bands : Nerve and muscle action (Group 1-6, 9, 14, 19, 22, 28-29) 
Green bands : Growth regulation (Group 7, 10, 15-18, 23)
Purple bandes : Energy metabolism Rrspiration (Group 12-13, 20-21, 24-25)
Gray bandes : Fumigants (Group 8)
Orange bandes : Midgut membranes (Group 11)


     3. The objective of the IRAC Group in creating a classification of insecticides is a selection of insecticides to be used effectively to reduce or slow down the pesticide resistance of pests sustainably.

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